86 bills from the 119th Congress · 20 policy areas
This act reduces taxes, reduces or increases spending for various federal programs, increases the statutory debt limit, and otherwise addresses agencies and programs throughout the federal government. It is known as a reconciliation bill and includes legislation submitted by several congressional committees pursuant to provisions in the FY2025 congressional budget resolution (H Con. Res. 14) that directed the committees to submit legislation to the House or Senate Budget Committee that will increase or decrease the deficit and increase the statutory debt limit by specified amounts. (Reconciliation bills are considered by Congress using expedited legislative procedures that prevent a filibuster and restrict amendments in the Senate.) What each title covers: Title I (Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry): This title addresses a wide range of Department of Agriculture (USDA) programs, including by changing the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and extending programs authorized by the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (commonly known as the 2018 farm bill). Title II (Committee on Armed Services): This title provides additional funding for, and modifies, various defense and national security projects and programs. Title III (Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs) Title IV (Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation) Title V (Committee on Energy and Natural Resources): covers Oil and Gas Leasing; Mining; Lands; Energy; Water. Title VI (Committee on Environment and Public Works): Among other provisions, this title repeals and rescinds funding provided under the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 for a variety of environmental programs. Title VII (Finance): covers Tax; Health; Increase in Debt Limit; Unemployment. Title VIII (Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions): This title makes various changes to higher education, particularly to the federal student loan system. Title IX (Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs): covers Homeland Security Provisions; Governmental Affairs Provisions. Title X (Committee on the Judiciary): covers Immigration and Law Enforcement Matters; Judiciary Matters; Radiation Exposure Compensation Matters. Condensed from the Congressional Research Service summary of Public Law 119-21 (enacted July 4, 2025). Full summary: https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1