To require serialization of firearms produced through additive manufacturing and of unserialized firearms possessed by federally licensed firearms dealers and gunsmiths, to establish penalties for violations, and for other purposes.

Existing unserialized firearms held by dealers must be retrofitted or managed. This creates compliance costs and administrative work for small businesses.

Some argue expanded tracking requirements infringe on gun ownership rights. Creates additional record-keeping that some see as government overreach.

Serializing existing unserialized weapons is technically difficult and costly. Determining compliance among private individuals will be resource-intensive.

3D-printing technology requires new serialization methods that may be difficult to implement consistently. Could increase production costs for manufacturers.